Nick Carraway Essay Example for Free

Nick Carraway Essay Nick Carraway, the narrator and important character in the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is deeply characterized through what he says, thinks, and is seen as by others. Many different perspectives of Nick are evident throughout the novel. He is judged and characterized by himself, his friends, and other strangers that he meets in the novel. Fitzgerald uses more dialogue to characterize Nick than other mediums. In the beginning of the book, on the first page, Nick himself declares that he is the narrator of the book. He states that he is â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgements† (Fitzgerald 1) because he has had many advantages which the average person would not have had. This is the first bit of character that we see developed in Nick’s character. He is not quick to judge people simply because he knows that if he was, he would be trying to understand a life which has not been a part of him. It could also mean that Nick is conscious of what other people tell him, because his father told him â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had† (Fitzgerald 1). Clearly, Nick is an observant person based on the fact that the novel is narrated in such great detail by him. â€Å"Every friday five crates of lemons and oranges arrived from a fruiterer in New Yorkevery Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves† (Fitzgerald 39). Nick is super observant, as observations just as detailed as that are told on most every page in the novel. Nick is not always as forgiving and understanding as he claims in the beginning of the novel, however. There are times, although only a few, when Nick is judgemental towards others. One quote stands out as a popular, recognizable line that Nick says on page 160. â€Å"‘Theyre a rotten crowd,’ I shouted across the lawn. ‘Youre worth the whole damn bunch put together’† (Fitzgerald 160). This quote is an indirect insult and criticism toward the neighbors and residents who attended a party at Gatsby’s house. He shouts this to Gatsby after talking about Gatsby’s past and how he ended up where he is now. Nick can be characterized in that quote as being either extremely appreciative of Gatsby or being extremely judgemental of the crowd at the party. Likely both, Nick is going against what he said about himself in the beginning of the novel, which also says that he sometimes makes false statements. Fitzgerald also uses physical descriptions to characterize Nick. â€Å"Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn† (Fitzgerald 41). Although not much is described, only his clothes that night, we can still see character development within that description. The fact that he’s wearing simple, white flannels, although fancy and expensive, are also very neutral and humble. Even though West Egg is considered to be â€Å"New Money†, Nick is more observant and in the background. It seems as though he would rather watch something than be watched by something. He could have worn flagrant colors and flaunted himself, but he chose to do the opposite. Another somewhat physical description of Nick is that he’s not a city-born character. He was born in Minnesota, not New York, and because of this, it could be implied that he grew up in a simpler place, where it did not matter what you wore or looked like. This can be considered while characterizing Nick’s physical traits. Fitzgerald exemplifies Nick’s characteristics in multiple ways throughout the novel. The evidence Fitzgerald provides for the reader is clearly given and shows how Nick is not always what he wishes he could be from a personality standpoint. What Fitzgerald did to show the different sides of Nick’s character is a major reason he is considered among the top American novelists; and The Great Gatsby is by far his best work.

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest :: Essays Papers

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Cuckoos Nest There is much strength associated with both speech and silence. One can use either to their advantage in a power struggle. In the book One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Randle Patrick McMurphy and Nurse Ratched employ the power of speech and Chief Bromden uses the power of silence until the end of the novel when he gains the power of speech. These cases prove that the greatest power is not held in speech or silence alone, but in the effective combination of the two. Many people believe verbal communication to be a very powerful way of expressing oneself. Words gain there power when the volume is raised and lowered alternatively to make a point. Additionally, the influence of speech can manifest itself in a number of ways. It can be used to humiliate, to intimidate, to flirt and to threaten, all of which are integral and pragmatic strategies to win a power struggle. McMurphy uses his power of speech to rally his fellow patients against Nurse Ratched who is constantly revoking their privileges. He also uses it furtively to acquire all that he desires, by conning the other patients. Throughout the novel he is very loud and is known for his unwavering ability to speak his mind and confront those that oppose him. Nurse Ratched uses her voice throughout the novel to intimidate the patients. She is the antagonist of the novel. The patients obsequiously follow Ratched’s command, until McMurphy comes along. They all fear that she will send them for shock therapy if they don’t obey her. Nurse Ratched is the most daunting persona of the novel, due in large part to the use of her voice. Throughout the novel both McMurphy and Nurse Ratched are continually trying to pull each other down. Nurse Ratched using her dominant speaking skills tries to prove to the patients that McMurphy is conning them with his vocalizations, â€Å"Look at some of these gifts, as devoted fans of his might call them. First, there was the gift of the tub room. Was that actually his to give?

Abc Acquitsion

Corporate  Valuation Problem  Set  2 Dr. Zacharias  Sautner If  no  information  about  the  premium  has  been  given  in  the  questions  below,  you   can  use  the  data  form  the  following  table: Arithmetic  average      Geometric  Average            Stocks  ? Stocks  ? Stocks  ? Stocks  ? Historical  Period   T. Bills      T. Bonds   T. Bills      T. Bonds   1928? 2004      7. 92%      6. 53%      6. 02%      4. 84%   1964? 2004      5. 82%      4. 34%      4. 59%      3. 47%   1994? 2004      8. 60%      5. 82%      6. 85%      4. 51%      For  a  long? term  investor  the  geometric  average  with  treasury  bonds  (4. 4%)  is  used. For  a  short? term  investor  the  arithmetic  average  with  treasury  bills  (7. 92%)  is  used. In  both  cases  the  longest  possible  period  is  taken. Solutions 1. In  December  1995,  Boise  Cascade’s  stock  had  a  beta  of  0. 95. The  treasury  bill   rate  at  the  time  was  5. 8%,  and  the  treasury  bond  rate  was  6. 4%. The  firm  had   debt  outstanding  of  $1. 7  billion  and  a  market  value  of  equity  of  $1. 5  billion;   the  corporate  marginal  tax  rate  was  36%. a. Estimate  the  expected  return  on  the  stock  for  a  short  term  investor  in   the  company. b.Estimate  the  expected  return  on  the  stock  for  a  long? term  investor  in   the  company. c. Estimate  the  cost  of  equity  for  the  company. a. We  use  the  CAPM:   The  Expected  Return  on  the  stock  =  0. 058  +  0. 95(0. 0792)  =  0. 1332  =  13. 32%   Since  the  investor  is  a  short? term  investor,  we  use  the  T? bill  rate,  and  the  arithmetic   mean. Since  the  focus  is  short? term,  we  don’t  need  to  take  compounding  into account. 1 b. For  a  long? term  investor,  we  would  use  the  T? bond  rate,  and  the  geometric  mean:   The  expected  return  =  0. 064  +  0. 95(0. 0484)  =  0. 1  or  11%,  where  4. 84%  is  used  as   the  estimate  of  the  market  risk  premium,  since  that  is  the  geometric  average  of  the   market  premium  using  the  long? term  T? bond  rate  as  the  riskfree  rate. c. The  cost  of  equity  for  the  company  is  more  appropriately  the  long? term  required   rate  of  return,  since  most  projects  for  the  company  would  be  long? term. 2. Boise  Cascade  had  debt  outstanding  of   $1. 7  billion  and  had  a  market  value  of   equity  of  $1. 5  billion;  the  corporate  marginal  tax  rate  was  36%. a. Assuming   that   the   current   beta   of   0. 5   for   the   stock   is   a   reasonable   one,  estimate  the  unlevered  beta  for  the  company. b. How   much   of   the   risk   in   the   company   can   be   attributed   to   business   risk  and  much  to  financial  leverage? c. a. The  levered  beta  of  the  company  is  given  by  formula:  Ã‚   ? (levered)= (unlevered)(1+(1-tax rate)(D/E)) Solving, we get ? unlevered = 0. 95/(1+(1-0. 36)(1. 7/1. 5)) = 0. 55 b. The  proportion  of  the  risk  of  the  firm’s  equity  that  can  be  attributed  to  business   risk  is  0. 55/0. 95  =  58%,  while  the  remainder  is  due  to  financial  leverage  r isk. 3.Genting   Berhard   is   a   Malaysian   conglomerate,   with   holdings   in   plantations   and  tourist  resorts. The  beta  estimated  for  the  firm,  relative  to  the  Malaysian   stock   exchange,   is   1. 15,   and   the   long? term   government   borrowing   rate   in   Malaysia  is  11. 5%. (Malaysian  risk  premium  is  12%). a. Estimate  the  expected  return  on  the  stock. b. If   you   were   an   international   investor,   what   concerns,   if   any,   would   you   have   about   using   the   beta   estimated   relative   to   the   Malaysian index? If  you  do,  how  would  you  modify  the  beta? . The  expected  return  on  the  stock,  assuming  that  the  marginal  investor  is  a   Malaysian  with  primarily  domestic  holdings  is  0. 115  +  1. 15(0. 12)   =  25. 30%,  using   the  risk  premium  based  on  country  risk  provided  by  ratings  agencies. b. For  an  international  investor,  who  has  the  ability  to  diversify  globally,  some  of   the  risk  might  be  diversifiable,  and  hence  the  true  beta  might  be  lower. To  take   care  of  this  possible  overstatement,  it  would  be  appropriate  to  compute  a  beta   relative  to  a  more  global  index,  such  as  the  Morgan  Stanley  Capital  Index. . You  have  just  done  a  regression  of  monthly  stock  returns  of  Heavy  Tech  Inc. ,   a  manufacturer  of  heavy  machinery,  on  monthly  market  returns  over  the  last   five  years  and  come  up  with  the  following  regression:  Ã‚   RHeavyTech=0. 5%+1. 2RM 2 The  variance  of  the  stock  is  50%,  and  the  variance  of  the  market  is  20%. The   current  T. bill  rate  is  3%. (It  was  5%  one  year  ago). The  stock  is  currently  selling   for  $50,  down  $4  over  the  last  year,  and  has  paid  a  dividend  of  $2  during  the   last  year  and  expects  to  pay  a  dividend  of  $2. 50  over  the  next  year.The  New   York  Stock  Exchange  (NYSE)  composite  has  gone  down  8%  over  the  last  year,   with  a  dividend  yield  of  3%. HeavyTech  Inc. has  a  tax  rate  of  40%. a. What  is  the  expected  return  on  HeavyTech  over  the  next  year? b. What  would  you  expect  HeavyTech’s  price  to  be  one  year  from  today? c. What  would  you  have  expected  HeavyTech’s  stock  returns  to  be  over   the  las t  year? d. What  were  the  actual  returns  on  HeavyTech  over  the  last  year? e. HeavyTech  has  $100  million  in  equity  and  $50  million  in  debt. It  plans   to   issue   $50   million   in   new   equity   and   retire   $50   million   in   debt. Estimate  the  new  beta.

Overproduction

  The food service industry (catering industry in British English) encompasses those places, institutions and companies that provide meals eaten away from home. This industry includes restaurants, schools and hospital cafeterias, catering operations, and many other formats, including ‘on-premises’ and ‘off-premises’ caterings (Bharathiar University, 2008). It may involve few processes before the food is ready to be served to the consumer.It is important to understand the flow of food through a foodservice system in order to determine the system. Food flows through ten possible processes such as menu planning purchasing, receiving, storing, preparing, cooking, holding, serving, cooling and reheating. But then, not all of these processes applicable for all type of food service system (University of Mississippi, 2008). Hospital food service may practise either one type of the food service system. These are conventional, centralized (commissary), ready-prepare d or assembly-serve (Unklesbay et al. 1977). The background of this study is based on hospital food service which practice centralized system. Food production plays a critical role in meeting objectives of the foodservice of the department and satisfying the expectations of customers or patients. This system is responsible for translating the menu into food in the required quantities. The nutrition value, flavors, and appearance of foods are vital tools for restoring or maintaining the health of patients and in satisfying the needs.Muda is a Japanese word which means waste (Bob Emiliani, 2002). In lean management, it listed seven wastes to be eliminated for quality improvement, cost and speed of any organisations regardless of either it is food producer, car manufacturer or even in the office. Overproduction occurs when more products was produced than is required at that time by customer. Production of large batches is common practice that leads to this muda. Overproduction is consi dered the worst muda because it hides and/or generates all the others.Overproduction leads to excess inventory, which then requires the expenditure of resources on storage space and preservation, activities that do not benefit the customer (Bob Emiliani, 2002). Study of the trend of customer number is beneficial, in order to minimize overproduction. Just In Time practice or Made-To-Order practise shall be installed in any foodservice provider since food are very susceptible to get spoiled and fresh foods are shorter shelf life. From the past study of overproduction, less researchers associating trend of number of consumer and verproduction. Their main concern are towards overproduction and wastage associated with nutrient deficiency especially in hospital food service industry. According to Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (2010), data captured from the study of trends could be use to target intervention and improvement practice from the perspective of overproduction. Afte r ten years of experience in hospital food service, Besta Corporation Sdn Bhd had found that study of trends of in-patients numbers is upmost in order to minimize overproduction.There is a pattern of in-patient number from Monday to Sunday. It depends on when the specialist or referral clinics are operated. The day of operation is different from one hospital to another. It had been found that, when those clinics operated, there is high numbers of admission, and when towards the weekend when clinics are closed, the patient number will drop due to discharge and less admission. If the trend is not properly identified, is certainly causing overproduction of foods in the hospital’s main kitchen.This proposal aims to study the importance of identifying trend of in-patient number and factors affecting to overproduction in outsource food service Ministry of Health (MOH) hospital operated by Besta Corporation Sdn Bhd in Klang Valley. To reflect the variety of trends of in-patient numb er and understand their implications for overproduction, I had selected three hospitals, which, for confidentiality reasons, I call Hospital 1, 2 and 3. These hospitals practising cook and serve system.Most menu items are prepared primarily from basic ingredients on the day they are to be served. LITERATURE REVIEW According to the 9th Malaysian Plan, approximately 45% of the solid waste collection in Malaysia is from food wastage, as compared to 24% of plastic, and 7% of paper wastage (9th Malaysian Plan, 2006). In food preparation, there are production demands that need to be met with. However, it is almost impossible to meet the exact production demand at all times due to many factors which could not be calculated or determined, hence there will always be overproduction.Overproduction is the production of more food than that is needed for service, which generates extra costs because the salvage of excess food items is not always feasible (Gregoire, MB. , 2010; Flack, KE. , 1959). This, in turn, becomes food wastage, and is deposed of as thrash. Any action performed or product made that is not paid for by a client is waste (Buckner, 2011). This also results in the loss of income, especially for the cost of the food already prepared and yet company has to bear the cost and shrink the bottom line/net profit.Therefore, leftover food must be handled diligently. Some food can be stored by refrigeration, and re-used at a later period, but some food will break down and deteriorate in quality. Due to these circumstances, guidelines with policies and procedures in handling the leftover food are prepared, well defined, and rigorously enforced in the food service sector. However, not all food items can be stored. Therefore, the only way to avoid food wastage and loss of income is to avoid overproduction in the first place.In most food service sectors, the food service managers, or the outlet managers are responsible in calculating and formulating the amount of food to b e prepared. Normally, meetings are held with the employees from the production units, and their recommendations are taken into consideration as well, in order to avoid overproduction. They are responsible in keeping production records to document the amount of food prepared, the amount of food served, and the amount leftover and disposed. Using information, future productions can be controlled and reduced.For example, the LeanPath Company has designed a program called ValuWaste (LeanPath, 2009). This program includes the incorporation of their equipments used in the kitchen, as well as weighing the food prepared, food served, and food leftover at the end of each meal. These data are then processed according to an employee recognition program for recognizing reduction in waste efforts. Many other companies have developed their own food waste management programs, and this is definitely a very good way to increase their efficiency, as well as increase profits.Importance of Data and Inf ormation Flow The word â€Å"information†, according to Ibaketo et al, (2003), comprises known knowledge, facts and ideas, data (analog or digital) that when given out or received make sense to both the sender and the receiver. The information could be written, spoken, gestured, drawn, coded, and pictorial or signals carried out over the air waves. According to Kalchschmidt, M. , 2007, collecting the information of in-patient number is beneficial, since it allows company to better analyze and understand the demand.He claimed thus collecting a wide range of data allows company to provide functional area with an in-depth demand analysis that may help to reduce uncertainty with regard to future events and define action accordingly. This in turn, can impact on company’s cost thanks. Information is useful to the organization in assisting most forecasting procedures build on the premise. However, many firms do not keep adequate records, nor have they thought through a consis tent approach to collect information (Fildes, R. , 2010).The information flow shall be efficient and fast in order to generate accurate forecast. From the literature review, I can conclude that, there is a relationship between data and information and the forecasting process in order to minimize overproduction. Importance of Forecasting Process In literacy sense, forecasting means prediction. According to Kumar, A. , 1998, forecasting may be defined as a technique of translating past experience into prediction of things to come. It tries to evaluate the magnitude and significance of forces that will be affect future operating conditions in an enterprise.Thus, demand forecasting, is an estimate of future demand. Most of the forecasts made in current operation practice in Besta Corporation Sdn Bhd overestimate demand. It is supported by Kumar, A. , 1998 claimed demand forecasting is essential for the old firms and new firms. It is much more important where the firm is engaged in large scale production and there is a long gestation period in production process. In such circumstances, an idea about future demand is necessary to avoid underproduction and overproduction.Therefore it is possible to have a forecast that will provide enough food for all patients to get what they ordered but with an increased wastage or overproduction. There are three lengths of forecasts, which are short-term forecasts, medium-term forecasts and long-term forecasts. From my point of view, the short-term forecast is the most ideal in food service hospital management. It is involve a period up to twelve months. These are useful for determining sales quotas, inventory control, production schedules, budgeting and planning cash flows (Kumar, A. , 1998). Importance of Portion ControlPortion control is important throughout food production and meal service. It involves careful menu planning and purchasing procedures, as well as accurate measuring during food production and meal service (Iowa D epartment of Education, 2011). Controlling the size portions can control food costs (Lendal et al. , 2007). Inconsistent portion size might lead to overproduction, so it is essential to develop proper portioning standards that prevent excessive waste (Karen Malody, 2011). Portion control helps in managing more effectively by reducing waste and leftover of food.Poor portion control causes overproduction. During food preparation, access to ingredients should be authorized and the amounts of ingredients taken should follow meal forecasting. Otherwise, more food ingredients are used for food preparation which leads to overproduction. The book written by Kumar, A. (1998) mentioned about the necessary of forecasting in quantity control. It shows the relationship between forecasting, portion control and overproduction. The other main cause of overproduction is in the ingredient control.Ingredient control is the major component of quality and quantity control in the production subsystem, an d a critical dimension of cost control throughout the food service system (Gregoire MB, 2010). The ingredient control is tied closely to the forecasting of the daily food production. In order to remedy this cause of overproduction, there should be a tighter control of the ingredients room, which has been dated to back in the late 1950s (Flack KE, 1959). This will restrict access to the ingredients by the cooks, or kitchen staff, and therefore allowing only the authorized amount of ingredients to be issued.This will not only help control overproduction, but also reduce labour costs, as evidence in Dougherty (1984), where it was shown that in an operation without an ingredient room, production employees spend about a third of their time determining needs, obtaining supplies, and weighing and measuring ingredients. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Although there are many research conducted about overproduction in food service industry, but there are still lack of study on overproduction in rel ation to trend of consumer number especially pertaining to hospital food service.The aim of the research is to study the trend of in-patient number and how it will contribute to overproduction of meal in outsourced hospital food service operated by Besta Corporation Sdn Bhd as supported by Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (2010). If no further action taken, inaccuracy of forecasting, inefficiency of information flow and inconsistency of portion control prolong and overproduction remain unresolved. Overproduction cause producing waste, increasing of cost and affect the profit earned. Profit is essential for the survival and growth of business enterprise (Shenoy, D. 2011). Therefore, analysing census of in-patient number and data collection of overproduce meal, assist in executing the research. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Main objective: To study the trend of in-patient number in outsourced food service Ministry of Health hospital operated by Besta Corporation Sdn Bhd in Klang Vall ey. Specific objective: 1. To tabulate the data of time of in-patient meal order send to kitchen department. 2. To tabulate and analyse the data of in-patient meal orders from Nursing Department in each hospital involve. 3.To measure the number of serving overproduced at the tray line for each main menu item listed in menu cycle after serving time. 4. To identify the difference between the forecasted meal order for production and actual number of serving served for each of the main menu item listed in menu cycle. Inclusion criteria All the normal and therapeutic menu items listed in the three hospital menu cycle. Exclusion Criteria Children menu, vegetarian menu, western menu and any ala carte order will be excluded. Reducing overproduce meal allows organisation to save some money on commodities, labour, energy and disposal costs (LeanPath, 2008).Furthermore, by reducing waste, it helps the environment through reduce significant carbon emission and landfill disposal. According to Fi ldes et al. (2009), improved demand forecasting accuracy can lead to significant monetary savings, greater competitiveness, enhanced channel relationships and consumer satisfaction. These statement made by the researchers show how important is controlling overproduction in the financial aspect of the organisation. Portion control is one of the essential controls in production of food in quantity (Gregoire, 2010).This is to ensure that all patients receive the same quantity and quality of food, because they are all equal paying customers. In order to ensure this, the first step to be taken is to standardize all serving utensils, like plates, cups, spoons and ladles. These utensils should be then taken into consideration while planning the standardized recipes. Normally, these serving utensils are given their respective numbers, according to their serving capabilities, for example, a level measure of a number 8 disher yields eight servings per quart, with each portion measuring about ? cup (Gregoire, 2010).Therefore, each individual dish must have their own serving utensils, with a proper number, and method of serving. Only then, consistency in food serving and portioning be maintained. Often, instead of numbers, some kitchen also uses colour codes for their serving utensils, which is a method that was developed by Vollrath Company. By doing so, if the portioning requires two cups of rice, the manager can instruct the employee to use the blue ladle to serve the rice (Gregoire, 2010). THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS Dependent variable: Overproduction of in-patient meal Independent variables: 1.Information flow in-patient meal order from Nursing Department 2. Forecasting of in-patient meals order 3. Portion control of in-patient meal at the assembly line Hypothesis: 1. The faster the information flow of the in-patient meal data, the lower possibility of overproduction 2. The larger the different between forecasted in-patient meal order and the actual serving of meal, the bigger number of overproduce meal occur 3. The larger number of left over meal after assembly line, the higher possibility of overproduction RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Generally, there are three types of research designs.For the purpose of this study, descriptive research is selected due to it is designed to obtain data (Hair, 2007). Under the classification of cross-sectional, data are collected at a given point in time and summarized statistically. First is data of in-patient meal order from Dietary System will be collected and tabulated in Microsoft Excel and SPSS in order to identify the trend of the in-patient number. The Dietary System is already in placed in each of these three selected hospitals as the hospitals operated through intranet system or it is called Total Hospital Information System, THIS, namely Hospital 1,2 and 3.Plus the time that the meals order indented to Kitchen Department. Second is collect and tabulate the data of forecasted in-patient meal number using Microsoft Excel and SPSS as well. Third is data collection on number of overproduced in-patient meal through these methods: 1. Visual estimation/counting After finish the serving time at ward level, the total pieces of meat, poultry or fish are counted and recorded. Those items mentioned are pre-cut and can be quantified as one piece. 2. Weighing of food itemAfter finish the serving time at ward level, for those dishes which could not be quantified into pieces or slices such as vegetables, weighing method was used to record the amount remaining. The instruments use in this study is aluminium strainer, digital food weighing scale, and food container, basting spoon, household measuring tool: rice bowl that can contain 200grams of rice. Data Analysis Descriptive statistics is used to obtain understanding of data collected. Data of trend of in-patient number will be presented in histogram, whereas, data of number of overproduced in-patient meal will be presented in bar chart.

Generations in the Workplace Essay

Generations in the Workplace Essay Generations in the Workplace Essay Generations in the Workplace: A Sociological and Psychological View: Can’t we all Get Along? Scott Moses Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Summaries and Critiques †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Application of Findings †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 Abstract Within the past few years, an interesting phenomenon has been taking place in the workplace. This is the mixing of three different generations, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and the Millennial Generation or Generation Y. Never before have three different generations with such different values, expectations, and societal and psychological differences been thrust together to work as a team and forced to get along with each other. This paper will attempt to explain these differences and how to possibly overcome these differences. Summaries and Critiques 1st Article: Young workers’ work values, attitudes, and behaviors. According to Loughlin and Barling (2001), young workers are the workforce of the future. This paper focuses on 2 major influences on their work values, attitudes, and behaviors; the influences of their families and their work experience. Most of the emphasis is directed toward their work experiences and how these experiences shaped the workers values, attitudes, and behaviors. As of 2001, 67% of Austrian youths, between the ages of 15-24, were in the workforce. In Denmark, the percentage is 75%; Sweden 63%; and North America 80%. Parents and teachers have traditionally supported this employment. They think that this will decrease teenage alienation, increase responsibility, and ease the transition from adolescence to adulthood (Greenberger & Steinberg, 1986). In the past, it has been difficult to research the work habits of young workers for 2 reasons. The fist is the tendency of industrial/organizational psychology to only study full-time workers in large organizations. This can give incomplete and unclear analysis because these studies do not include part-time employees. The second is the overemphasis of family influences. While this is important, the study of early work experiences, and their influence on a young workers’ attitude, values, and behaviors, can be just as important as early childhood experiences on the same factors. Early work experiences can also be called â€Å"the impressionable years, on a young worker. This report separates the young workers in age groups and generations. The older group, (20-24) are part of Generation X. The younger workers, (15-19) are considered Generation Y. Most research up to this date had not separated these two groups. It is important to do so because the different demands and experiences may have different repercussions and provide different lessons. The report uses 2 fields of research for family experiences. The 1st is using development and industrial/organizational research from the late 1980’s on to explain how young people’s work attitudes, beliefs, and values are influenced by their families. The second uses generational research into how these new generations of workers might be influenced by family experiences. The stream of research this report uses for work experiences extends from research done in 1999. This research primarily focused on full-time or non-permanent workers. This report will expand on this by looking at the long-term influences of young people’s early work experiences, especially the quality of these experiences. The report separates these influences into: employment quantity, employment quality, practical applications, non-standard work, leadership, and workplace safety, health and labor unions. The main strengths of this article is the focus it gives to the importance work experience in

Leadership in Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership in Workplace - Research Paper Example Trust is the basis for success in every interpersonal association, both individual as well as social. Trust is the assurance or confidence an individual feels for a particular person or group. Thus, trust is one of the most important connecting forces in any interpersonal association. It allows individuals to rise above uncertainties and have peace of mind. The lack of trust creates uncertainty, concern, and apprehension. When interpersonal trust is there, a person experiences an assurance that everything will work out in some way. At the place of work, trust is a must for successful interpersonal interactions. Lacking trust, workers may experience ambiguity, anxiety, and a sense of uncertainty. No association, on individual or social level, can survive for even a small period of time if some aspect of trust is not there. Trust is an important leadership training component that unites any human association into a successful, effective partnership. Importance of Building Trust â€Å" Trust is an emotional as well as a rational act† (Reina & Reina, 2006). The emotions linked with it consist of friendliness, appreciation, safety, assurance, recognition, awareness, esteem, admiration, fondness, positive reception, satisfaction, and contentment - all of them essential components of psychosomatic wellbeing. â€Å"The logic of it is grounded in assessments of a party’s dependability, which play a significant role in decisions to trust† (Bednarz & Pawlak, 2011). As anticipated, there are various intensities to trust, reliant on why one gives trust as well as why it is acknowledged: identifying the different forms of trust informs decision making on every level. Within organizations, business processes are carries out by means of interaction. In view of the fact that trust is the basis of successful dealings, it makes sense that organizations can gather advantages from reinforcing it. In fact, high-trust situations associate completely with high leve ls of human resources participation, dedication, and organizational accomplishment. Certain benefits incorporate better assessment; accelerated development; better modernization; encouraging, transparent associations with employees and other shareholders; improved teamwork and collaborating; completely aligned structures and methods; sharp reliability; dominant involvements of flexible energy; strong improvement, commitment, assurance, and devotion; enhanced implementation; better adaptableness; and robust maintenance and replacement of well-informed staff. â€Å"Nothing is as relevant as the ubiquitous impact of high trust† (Bednarz & Pawlak, 2011). Trust - A Key Leadership Ability In companies, executives are originators of trust and are required to play a vital role in finding out its general level as well as particular beliefs in individual work units. Their capability to start, develop, expand, and reinstate trust is a most important managerial proficiency. A number of i ndividuals say that expanding trust is the primary job of every manager, to be carried out in ways that release the flair, imagination, aptitude, and involvement of individuals as well as teams and allow them to offer their best in synergy with others. The tasks of leaders cover five

April 9th Whiteness Reading + Questions Coursework

April 9th Whiteness Reading + Questions - Coursework Example The selection of areas to live, friends to associate with and the feeling of discrimination by the affirmative action indicates the power of racism in the society. 1. There are some issues that are not visible or conceivable to the author but could be used to identify the challenges in society. One of the most important approach as depicted by the author is the power of choice. Despite the existence of affirmative action, personal choices still indicates the influence of race in choice of friends, possession, employment area and the living area. The situation is evident by the number of areas occupied by whites or blacks as compared to the hybrid and cosmopolitan areas. My personal choices clearly indicated the power of race unconsciously creating a feeling of discomfort when reading the article because it is the truth. 2. Before reading the article, I had not evaluated several issues that may be racism. The key issues that the article address is the role of personal choices in facilitating racism. This view has not been taken by the majority because we tend to look at people’s actions instead of our personal choices, which indicates the highest degree of racism. 3. The major area of concern after reading the article is on how personal choices can be changed to reduce the showing of racist behaviour. The challenge is on personal evaluation which may not reflect the true nature or impact of racism because it does not employ the standard evaluation actions. The main question is; â€Å"what can one do to change his personal choices to reflect acceptance of the races in the society? This is the real dilemma that creates serious confusion between affinity to the race and acceptance of the dynamic society. Favourite quote is â€Å"Racists for innocence† (Pierce 53). The article addresses the issue of personal choice and the power of perception. The same situation is depicted in the movie Crash released in